Creating Modern Cityscapes and Modern Civilians: The Urban Planning Law and the 1927 Hikoso Fire Reconstruction in Kanazawa
A fire swept through a large section of Kanazawa in 1927. In its wake it left not only destruction, but also an opportunity for the city to introduce a new Urban Planning Law and educate its citizens to the benefits of this new law and the modern urban spaces it facilitated. The need to rebuild carr...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Japan review 2008-01 (20), p.157-188 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | A fire swept through a large section of Kanazawa in 1927. In its wake it left not only destruction, but also an opportunity for the city to introduce a new Urban Planning Law and educate its citizens to the benefits of this new law and the modern urban spaces it facilitated. The need to rebuild carried with it a chance to foster the emergence of "ideal citizens" (risō shimin). This essay examines how newly created spaces were used to elicit civilian compliance, and how the vision of a "new Kanazawa" was promoted to a people who yearned for their city to return to its former prominence. I focus on the role of the city government, contrasting local agency and initiative with national government direction in the realm of urban planning. After discussing the introduction of the Urban Planning Law and the image of the city that prevailed in Kanazawa before the fire, I analyze how civilian cooperation was gained, with particular regard to issues of rebuilding after the fire and the impact of restrictions contained in the new law. Finally, I offer a brief consideration of how local groups put pressure on the city government to extend one main thoroughfare to the poorer Ward Seven across the river, an action that demonstrates how a law regarded as authoritarian was in fact amenable to compromise and local considerations. 都市計画法の導入後、まず取り掛かることになった金沢市彦三大火の復興事業を取り拳げる。市当局にとっては、既存空間を貫く幅広い主要道路を建設することにより、従来の狭隘なる都市空間を一新させ、近代都市計画からなる都市空間及び交通網の理想を実行する機会になったが、それはまた、住民に都市計画 (=都市空間の近代化) の重要性と利点を伝える機会にもなった。吏に、比較的貧困な第七区と連絡する第二号線の延長問題にみられるように、地域住民にとっても、この復興事業が自分達の住む地域を活性化させる絶好の好機であったといえる。また、市当局としては、今後の都市計画法実施の前提として、金沢において公徳精神のある市民性を浸透させねばならなかった。そのため、市民の理想像の適応を試みたのである。袋小路として建設された彦三大通りは、まさに都市計画法の格好の見せ場となったのであり、その意味で、彦三一帯における都市計画は、単に近代的都市空間の創出に止まらず、都市計画法を受容する側の市民に対しても大きな効果があったといえる。 |
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ISSN: | 0915-0986 |