Framework: Common Operating Pictures, Effectiveness-Based Measures, Decision Rights, Schwerpunkt, and Nonmarket Environments

In this chapter, we review previous research on common operating pictures, identifying four related concepts that help frame how a COP may improve an organization’s efficiency and effectiveness: effectiveness-based measures, decision rights,schwerpunkt, and neutral integrators. Common operating pictures have emerged as a central coordinating concept across lateral and vertical agencies in military operations. Effectiveness-based measures hold some promise for developing COPs for large, complex operations such as military sustainment. An emerging economic literature on decision rights provides some perspective about how COPs could be used to tighten the integration of the many sustainment agencies’ activities.Schwerpunkt, which translates as