Socially Inclusive and Exclusive Warfighting: Comparing Ukraine and Russia’s Ways of War

A full-scale escalation of the Russia-Ukraine war has been going on since February 24, 2022.¹ Since then, Ukraine has been fighting for its survival and is mobilizing every possible resource both at home and abroad. Meanwhile, Russia is officially still not at war, but is conducting a “special military operation,” which intends to limit the effect of the war on Russian society to the bare possible minimum. This discrepancy between how Ukraine and Russia have been fighting this war constitutes the focus of the present chapter. Hence, I intend to provide a comparative overview of the wider political, social, and