Information systems technology grounded on institutional facts

Information systems are generally and very successfully implemented using a particular sort of technology typified by relational database systems, which I will call logical databases for reasons that will be explained below. There are alternative technologies. Why have logical database systems been successful? Information systems have, for the most part, been successful in relatively restricted organisational subunits. A large organisation therefore may have hundreds of information systems. Over the past two decades organisations have been trying to develop information systems implemented by logical databases at the scale of the whole, typically by integrating the successful local systems. There are successes,