Technology in the 1990s: developments in the science and technology of hydraulic cements - Microanalytical studies (X-ray photoelectron spectrometry) of surface hydration reactions of cement compounds

X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (X.p.s.) measures the kinetic energy of electrons photoejected from a solid surface by soft X-rays. The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons can be related to the binding energy that these electrons had originally in the solid. X.p.s. is a rather new technique for studying cements. It has been used recently in the surface analysis of C3S, C2S, C3A and blast-furnace slag grains during their hydration. Changes in chemical composition have been found as soon as the surface comes into contact with water, shown by a change in the shape, position an intensity of characteristic peaks like Ca2p, Si2p, Ol8 and a reduction of characteristic ratios Ca/Si or Al/Si. A tentative interpretation of X.p.s. kinetic curves as a function of hydration time is presented.