BaTiO3-based composites provide new opportunities enabled by the cold sintering process

This paper reviews the synthesis of BaTiO3-based ceramic and composites through the cold sintering process. Cold sintering is a densification process that works with a low-temperature mechanism known as pressure solution creep. This provides several opportunities to fabricate BaTiO3 into new composite structures that could provide important advanced dielectric properties. Here we revisit the challenges of densifying a material such as BaTiO3 that has incongruent dissolution. We consider the issues of surface chemistry, selection of transient flux, core–shell designs in BaTiO3, co-sintering with polymers in the grain boundaries and the technical challenges associated with incorporating all these ideas into tape casting steps for future fabrication of multilayer device structures.