Accelerated Stress Testing of Fuel Cell Membranes Subjected to Combined Mechanical/Chemical Stressors and Cerium Migration

A highly accelerated stress test (HAST) has been developed to generate local stressful conditions that are representative of those in automotive fuel cell stacks. Using a 50-cm2 cell cycled between 0.05 and 1.2 A/cm2 with a low inlet RH in the co-flow configuration, the HAST creates a distribution of combined mechanical/chemical stressors in the membrane with the maximum chemical stress occurring near the gas inlets and the maximum mechanical stress near the outlets. Conducting HASTs using a current distribution measurement tool and a shorting/crossover diagnostic method to track the state of health of a robust membrane containing both a mechanical support and a chemical stabilizing additive, the result shows that the membrane location with the most severe thinning coincides with that of the deepest membrane hydration cycling. Upon examination of the cerium redistribution patterns after the test, it was found that the severe humidity cycling generated by the HAST condition near the outlet region not only generated the highest membrane mechanical stress but also resulted in the strongest water flux, which may cause local depletion of the cerium added as chemical stabilizer. Further study is required to decouple the cerium migration effect from the possible mechanical/chemical synergistic degradation effect.