Review—Nanomaterials Green Synthesis for High-Performance Secondary Rechargeable Batteries: Approaches, Challenges, and Perspectives

Significant climate change and variable fossil energy prices are forcing us to minimize fossil fuel consumption and develop innovative energy conversion and storage systems capable of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Batteries are the most common form of alternative energy systems, and cathode materials are critical for their performance. Their low-rate performance and short lifespan severely hamper the efficiency of cathode materials. The adoption of nanotechnology is essential to improve the cathode life cycle and maintain capacity. Conventional synthetic techniques face serious problems in producing complex nanomaterials with precise design, high efficiency, and long life. Recent efforts have been made to utilize bio-inspired materials in a variety of applications, emphasizing the importance of biomimetics due to their unique advantages and excellent properties. This review examines the synthesis mechanism, properties, and advances of bioinspired materials in the production of nanomaterials in order to pave the way for the future study of rechargeable batteries. Subsequently, the solutions and problems encountered by cathode materials in the main categories of secondary rechargeable batteries are addressed. The aim of this study is to alert scientists toward this promising development trend in bio-inspired battery materials.