(Invited) Fabrication of Implantable Glucose Fuel Cells on Silicon Wafers

Well-known silicon micro fabrication techniques are used to create biocompatible abiotic glucose fuel cells, suitable for powering ultra-low-power bioelectronics on a silicon wafer. Measured continuous outputs of 2.3 µW/cm2 at 0.243V were achieved and maintained for a period of at least 48 hr with an open circuit voltage of 0.55V. Fabrication processes are discussed to address the difficulty in depositing and patterning Nafion separation membranes robustly and in the creation of a uniform carbon nanotube mesh catalyst.