Magnetic excitations in the one-dimensional Heisenberg–Ising model with external fields and their experimental realizations

The one dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, a prototype quantum many-body system, has been intensively studied for many years. In this review, after a short introduction on some basic concepts of group theory for the octahedral group, a detailed pedagogical framework is laid down to derive the low-energy effective Hamiltonian for the Co-based materials. The 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model is obtained when applying the analysis to quasi-1D antiferromagnetic materials BaCo 2 V 2 O 8 and SrCo 2 V 2 O 8 . After the preparation, we review the theoretical progresses of a variety of novel magnetic excitations and emergent physics in the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, and further summarize their recent experimental realizations.