Significance of suction and dual stretching on the dynamics of various hybrid nanofluids: Comparative analysis between type I and type II models

The transport phenomenon involving a thorough mixture of a base fluid and any two different types of nanoparticles (i.e. hybrid nanofluid) has attracted the attention of scientists to deliberate on the significance and performance of such fluid using two different types of thermo-physical models (i.e. type I and type II). This study examines the dynamics of hybrid nanofluids using type I and type II hybrid models with major emphasis on the difference. Also, this report unravels the significance of suction and dual stretching on the boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluids. The governing equation that model the dynamics was modeled, non-dimenzionalized, parameterized, and solved numerically. It is concluded that both type I and type II models of viscosity should not be used for volume fraction φ1 + φ2 > 0.02 as both models are found to be the same, accurate but limited. The stretching ratio has dual effects on the velocity in both horizontal directions and temperature distribution decreases with stretching rate. Local skin friction coefficients and temperature distribution are decreasing properties of suction. In the case of various water-based conveying various nanoparticles (seven different hybrid nanofluids), optimal Nusselt number is ascertained at a larger value of stretching ratio and suction in the dynamics of water conveying (less dense nanoparticles) multiple wall CNT and silicon dioxide.