Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction: Characterization of a Swine Model on β-Blocker Therapy

Current guidelines recommend β blockers for patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Novel therapies for heart failure should be tested in combination with this medication before entering clinical trials. In this methodologic study, we sought to describe the time course of systolic and diastolic parameters of cardiac performance over a 6-wk period in closed-chest model of swine MI treated with a β blocker. Myocardial infarction in pigs (n = 10) was induced by 90-min balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Echocardiography and pressure-volume data were collected before and at 1 and 6 wk after MI; histopathology was assessed at 6 wk. Left-ventricular (LV) volume increased significantly over 6 wk, with significant decreases in ejection fraction, wall motion index, stroke work, rate of pressure development (dP/dt(max)), preload recruitable stroke work, and mechanical efficiency. Impairment of diastolic function was manifested by a significant increase in the exponential β coefficient of the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relation and reduction of LV pressure decay. At 6 wk, histopathologic analysis showed that the size of the infarct area was 16.3% ± 4.4%, and the LV mass and myocyte cross-sectional area in both the infarct border and remote zones were increased compared with those of noninfarcted pigs (n = 5). These findings suggest a dynamic pattern of remodeling over time in a closed-chest ischemia-reperfusion swine model of acute MI on β-blocker therapy and may guide future studies.