Phantom-training courses in Tübingen

Almost 2000 surgeons have taken part in training programmes for minimally-invasive surgery in our department since 1989. Different operations are simulated in training phantoms. Intensive development work has led to the production of human body forms in which animal tissue from the slaughterhouse is integrated, to mimic realistic human anatomy. Quality control and inquiries showed good learning curves and high acceptance of the training method among participants.