Chinese Text Spacing on Mobile Phones for Senior Citizens

In recent years, more and more elderly citizens have begun using mobile phones. However, most text presentations on mobile phones are not suitable for those whose vision has declined with age. The objective of this study was to discover how different Chinese text spacing would affect older adults' reading performance (time and error), text readability, visual fatigue, and preferences. The experimental results show that when the font size is 15 × 15 pixels (8 points), the recommended inter-line spacing is 6-8 pixels and the inter-character spacing is 2-4 pixels for higher text readability, lower visual fatigue, and higher user preference.