Gas phase high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy: An investigation of atomic germanium and tin

High temperature photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the group IV elements, germanium and tin. Bands associated with ionization from the outermost p orbital have been observed from the ground state as well as the two lowest states of these elements. Relativistic configuration interaction calculations have been used to calculate experimental band intensities and, from these calculations, the excitation temperature is estimated as 1600±200 K for tin and 2000±200 K for germanium.