Food Sustainability, Cyber-Biosecurity, Emerging Technologies, and Cybersecurity Risks in the Agriculture and Food Industries

The United Nations forecasts that by 2050, the world's population will reach 9.8 billion and 11.2 billion in 2100. An ever-growing global population threatens food security, accompanied by an increasing food shortage and relentless cybersecurity attacks. Agriculture 4.0, smart farming, and precision farming are essential to provide the technological breakthroughs to increase agricultural production while simultaneously expanding cybersecurity risks in the agriculture and food industries. With a global cybersecurity talent shortage and increasing cyber-attacks on the agriculture and food industries, there is a dire need to address cybersecurity solutions for the agriculture and food industries. A developing area in agriculture is cyberbiosecurity, an integrated concept of biosecurity and cybersecurity underline the need to safeguard systems, humans, animals, and plants from biological mischiefs, such as bioterrorism, environmental terrorism, infections, plagues, and pandemics. This paper explores these complex dynamics through an exploration of current and emerging literature.