Optimal day-ahead operation of user-level integrated energy system considering dynamic behaviour of heat loads

During the operation of the integrated energy system (IES), the dynamic behaviour of heat loads can affect the optimal operation strategy. This study proposes a novel optimal day-ahead operation method of user-level IES considering the dynamic behaviour of heat loads. Firstly, based on the energy hub, the model of heat loads with dynamic behaviour is added into IES. The dynamic behaviour is embodied by water temperature which can be represented by differential equations. Then, the optimal day-ahead operation model aimed at minimising the energy purchase cost is proposed. Piecewise linearisation is utilised to simplify the temperature constraints which can transform the initial non-convex and non-linear optimisation into a linear programming problem. Finally, case studies are carried out on a practical case, and the results indicate that with the consideration of dynamic behaviour of heat loads, the energy purchase cost can be reduced by 5.6%.