Single-ended ring oscillators: analysis and design

In this study the authors propose a novel and straightforward design procedure for the single-ended ring oscillator (SERO). This procedure determines the values of the circuit parameters to reach the desired oscillation frequency while the power consumption and the area are minimised and the noise is kept below the desired value. Furthermore, the authors analyse the SERO and suggest a practical formula for the oscillation frequency. In comparison to the conventional equations, the derived formula is accurate as well as explicit. The accuracy of the proposed frequency equation is verified using simulation. The average of the absolute errors over a wide range of parameters is 2.52%, and the worst case error is 9.64%. In addition, the power consumption of the SERO is analysed and a formula is presented for estimating the power consumption.