Quad-Band NGD Investigation on Crossed Resonator Interconnect Structure

This brief explains why the coupling between crossed interconnect structure and straight I-lines of printed circuit board (PCB) presents bandpass (BP) negative group delay (NGD) behavior. The NGD effect is investigated with crossed resonator innovative microstrip equivalent topology. As proof of concept (POC), the influences of crossed resonator circuit physical variables on the BP-NGD behavior are illustrated by parametric study. The cross-coupled microstrip circuit POC BP-NGD responses is validated with quad-band NGD behavior. A very good agreement between calculations, simulations and experimentations state results of NGD center frequency-NGD value, (1.541-GHz, −1.84-ns), (2.397-GHz, −1.6-ns), (3.379-GHz, −1.38-ns), and (4.164-GHz, −0.91-ns) representing the 1^{\mathrm{ st}} , 2^{\mathrm{ nd}} , 3^{\mathrm{ rd}} and 4^{\mathrm{ th}} NGD band, respectively. The studied design has notable advantages in term of NGD application integration in the multi-band transceiver system simplicity and size reduction.