An Integrator-Differentiator Transimpedance Amplifier Using Tunable Linearized High-Value Multi-Element Pseudo-Resistors

In this paper, we present an integrator-differentiator transimpedance amplifier (I-D-TIA) with a dc compensation, which incorporates widely tunable multi-element pseudo-resistors (MEPRs) in its dc servo loop and ac signal path. The implemented MEPR in the dc path is continuously tunable from 460 \,\mathrm {k\Omega } to 300 \,\mathrm {G\Omega } allowing the TIA to process dc currents with a dynamic range of more than 100 \,\mathrm {dB} . The MEPR in the differentiator ac signal path provides a tunable resistance between 0.3 \,\mathrm {M\Omega } and 100 \,\mathrm {M\Omega } , resulting in an overall ac transimpedance between 3 \,\mathrm {M\Omega } and 1 \,\mathrm {G\Omega } . For the lowest ac transimpedance, a bandwidth of 10 \,\mathrm {MHz} is achieved. The TIA provides a minimum input-referred current noise density of 1.6\,\mathrm {fA}/\mathrm {\sqrt {Hz}} . The implemented MEPR has been optimized regarding its high-frequency noise by minimizing its parasitic capacitances. The MEPR shows an inherent shot noise suppression such that its noise stays close to the theoretical thermal noise limit and significantly below the theoretical shot noise limit, even for large dc currents. By using a sub-VSS supply for the MEPR, the asymmetry in its output characteristic is greatly reduced, leading to a linear signal swing of 1.5\,\mathrm {V_{pp}} with a THD below 1 \mathrm {\%} on a 1.8-\mathrm {V} supply. Thanks to this high linearity, large bandwidth, and high dc current dynamic range, the proposed TIA can be used in a wide variety of applications from high-sensitivity, low-bandwidth lock-in detection to transi