Atomic Spin Polarization Controllability Analysis: A Novel Controllability Determination Method for Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Co-Magnetometers

This paper investigates the atomic spin polarization controllability of spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometers (SERFCMs). This is the first work in the field of controllability analysis for the atomic spin ensembles systems, whose dynamic behaviors of spin polarization are described by the Bloch equations. Based on the Bloch equations, a state-space model of the atomic spin polarization for SERFCM is first established, which belongs to a particular class of nonlinear systems. For this class of nonlinear systems, a novel determination method for the global state controllability is proposed and proved. Then, this method is implemented in the process of controllability analysis on the atomic spin polarization of an actual SERFCM. Moreover, a theoretically feasible and reasonable solution of the control input is proposed under some physical constraints, with whose limitation of realistic conditions, the controller design can be accomplished more practically and more exactly. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validation of the proposed controllability determination method.