V2V Radio Channel Performance Based on Measurements in Ramp Scenarios at 5.9 GHz

This paper focuses on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) radio channel properties under ramp scenarios with different structures. Ramps are categorized according to different construction structures into: 1) viaduct ramp with soundproof walls in an urban area and 2) a general ramp without soundproof walls in a suburban region. Furthermore, considering whether the line of sight is available, the entire propagation process of the radio signal is divided into various propagation zones. Propagation characteristics, including the distribution of fading, fading depth (FD), level crossing rate, average fade duration, Root-Mean-Square (rms) delay spread, propagation path loss, and shadow fading, have been estimated and extracted. In particular, the radio channel properties in different types of ramp scenarios are compared and some interesting findings are obtained: 1) an abrupt fluctuation of the received signal level (RSL) in the urban viaduct ramp scenario indicates the nonignorable impact of soundproof walls on V2V radio channel and 2) continuous changes of RSL and different FD values in various propagation zones can be observed in suburban ramp scenarios. Furthermore, the statistical characteristics of RMS delay spread are fitted using a generalized extreme value model with a good fit. Furthermore, propagation path loss is modeled, demonstrating the difference of path loss values in the transition region owing to the impact of soundproof walls. Overall, the research results emphasize the significance of the V2V radio channel modeling under ramp scenarios.