A User Trust System for Online Games—Part I: An Activity Theory Approach for Trust Representation

In virtual worlds (including computer games), users develop trust relationships from their in-world interactions with others. However, these trust relationships end up not being represented in the data structures (or databases) of such virtual worlds, though they sometimes appear associated with reputation and recommendation systems. In addition, as far as we know, the user is not provided with a personal trust tool to sustain his/her decision-making while he/she interacts with other users in the virtual or game world. In order to come up with a computational formal representation of these personal trust relationships, we need to succeed in converting in-world interactions into reliable sources of trust-related data. In this paper, we develop the required formalisms to gather and represent in-world interactions-which are based on the activity theory-as well as a method to convert in-world interactions into trust networks. In the companion paper, we use these trust networks to produce a computational trust decision based on subjective logic. This solution aims at supporting in-world user (or avatar) decisions about others in the game world.