Optimal Operation of DC Networks to Support Power System Outage Management

The penetration of dc networks for different applications in power systems is increasing. This paper presents a novel methodology for security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) operation of a power system, such as a smart grid or a supergrid, with an embedded dc network. The methodology demonstrates that dc networks can be operated to provide support to ac systems, increasing its security of supply and resilience in case of outages, while reducing operational costs. Moreover, the outage management support can be achieved via a preventive SCOPF-i.e., the combined network stays N-1 secure after outages without need for further control action-or via a corrective SCOPF, by using the fast controls of the ac-dc converters to react to the contingencies. The methodology relies on the construction of a binary outage matrix and optimizes only the control variables of the ac and dc networks. It was successfully tested in system with 12 buses and in the IEEE30 network with 35 buses. Operational savings of up to 1% and 0.52% were obtained for the first and second networks, respectively, while network violations for the N-1 contingency scenarios were completely eliminated in the first and reduced by 70% in the former.