A Colored Petri Net Based Frequency Support Scheme Using Fleet of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid Environment

The ever-growing dependency of modern life on electricity may impose huge burden on smart grids (SGs). This dependency affects the demand-supply gap and may lead to undesirable frequency fluctuations. In the worst case, these fluctuations may result in blackouts. In this direction, fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) may play a crucial role in reducing these fluctuations to a great extent. So, this paper proposes a novel scheme for efficient frequency support in SG environment by utilizing fleet of EVs. These EVs act as controllable loads and work in close coordination with aggregators and charging stations. Aggregators play a crucial role in regulating charging and discharging rates of EVs while meeting their energy requirements with the help of the proposed colored petri net based controller. The proposed scheme has been evaluated with respect to publicly available frequency regulation data acquired from PJM and ERCOT. In addition to this, the scheme has also been compared with an existing approach and results clearly depict that the proposed scheme is more scalable in comparison to the existing schemes in V2G environment.