Time-reversal imaging of underground targets using lateral waves

To image underground concealed objects, we propose employment of near-to-surface horizontal electric dipoles (HEDs) that can generate lateral waves inside the ground. Basically, signals received from underground objects due to the near-to-the-ground HEDs are observed to be relatively stronger than those from scatterers or discontinuities just above the surface. Using such antenna elements in time-reversal imaging algorithm, more reliable detection and better localizations of underground targets are achieved.