Geographical routing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks offer inexpensive solutions in a wide variety of applications ranging from health, home, roads and public area monitoring to industry and aircraft control. As sensors proliferate, scalable communication protocols with low implementation requirements are pursued. Another key issue for the wider deployment of these solutions is security since the wireless sensor networks themselves are prone to security attacks. In this paper, we review geographical routing protocols, which allow for high scalability due to their localised operation while they also support mobility consuming less node and network resources since they operate on very limited overhead. We also investigate their vulnerabilities to security attacks (Sybil and selective forwarding attacks) and report efficient coutermeasures.