Binary Tree Slotted ALOHA for Passive RFID Tag Anticollision

In order to enhance the efficiency of radio frequency identification (RFID) and lower system computational complexity, this paper proposes three novel tag anticollision protocols for passive RFID systems. The three proposed protocols are based on a binary tree slotted ALOHA (BTSA) algorithm. In BTSA, tags are randomly assigned to slots of a frame and if some tags collide in a slot, the collided tags in the slot will be resolved by binary tree splitting while the other tags in the subsequent slots will wait. The three protocols utilize a dynamic, an adaptive, and a splitting method to adjust the frame length to a value close to the number of tags, respectively. For BTSA, the identification efficiency can achieve an optimal value only when the frame length is close to the number of tags. Therefore, the proposed protocols efficiency is close to the optimal value. The advantages of the protocols are that, they do not need the estimation of the number of tags, and their efficiency is not affected by the variance of the number of tags. Computer simulation results show that splitting BTSA's efficiency can achieve 0.425, and the other two protocols efficiencies are about 0.40. Also, the results show that the protocols efficiency curves are nearly horizontal when the number of tags increases from 20 to 4,000.