MAD: A dynamically adjustable hybrid location-and motion-based routing protocol for VANETs

This paper proposes a routing protocol that jointly exploits location and motion information in a dynamically adjusted way, towards self-adaptability in different combinations of mobility and node density conditions. The protocol employs a metric of the rate at which a packet approaches its destination over a multihop path, as an effect of both the forwarding to the next hop node and the carry action due to the movement of the receiving node. The metric employs an estimation of the time that a next-hop candidate will retain the message, if selected. This time determines the relative importance of the forwarding and the carry actions. Simulation results demonstrate that the protocol is successful in adapting to a very wide range of mobility and density conditions and compares favorably with other protocols designed for a particular network condition.