Experimental and theoretical studies of bump formation during laser texturing of Ni-P disk substrates

We provide here extended experimental data on the bump shape formed on Ni-P disk substrate under various laser and substrate surface conditions, and describe a model for the Sombrero-shape bump formation based on competition between thermocapillary and chemicapillary flows. This model rationalizes a large body of experimental data and provides insight into how one might tailor bump shapes to specific requirements. For comparison, laser bump formation on non-Ni-P substrates has also been studied.