Using Fano Plane and Image Centroids for Rotation, Scaling, or Translation Resistant Watermarking

Robustness to geometric distortions such as rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) is one important ability for image watermarking. The purpose of this work is to decide which one of the RST distortions happens and to detect the corresponding parameters. The centroids of the cover image is utilized to estimate distortion parameter candidates, and a watermark with structural information is used to decide the desired parameters based on correlation. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.