Ray optical prediction of outdoor and indoor coverage in urban macro- and micro-cells

A new approach for the prediction of path loss and channel impulse response of radio links with building penetration is presented. The wave propagation prediction is based on ray-tracing algorithms implemented in the IHE-URBAN-MICRO model, which has already been successfully applied to urban micro- and macro-cells. A brief description of this model is given and comparisons with path loss measurements are shown. The extension of the IHE-URBAN-MICRO model for indoor receiver locations, resulting in the new model IHE-URBAN-MICRO-I, is presented. Both models use vector oriented building data and raster based topography data. Arbitrary outdoor base station heights can be handled by the models, which is a very important feature from a practical point of view.