Radiation patterns of arbitrarily oriented radiating elements

The radiation patterns of horizontal and vertical dipoles have been reported in the literature. These results are used in the analysis and design of arrays of parallel vertical elements and collinear elements. However no information is available for the arbitrarily oriented elements. The element patterns of such elements are derived from the concept of the vector magnetic potential and co-ordinate transformation. From the derived expressions, the radiation patterns are computed and presented both in linear and polar forms. It is found, from these results, that the orientation of the element changes the main beam direction. Arrays of such elements with arbitrary orientation are considered and the computed results of the radiation patterns are presented. Different possible current distributions for the arbitrarily oriented elements are introduced for the estimation of the radiation patterns. The results of constant and sinusoidal distributions are compared.