Specific Emitter Identification With Different Transmission Codes and Multiple Receivers

A specific emitter identification (SEI) system that expands previously-published results by identifying remote keyless-entry (RKE) remotes with an accuracy of over 95% even when different digital transmission codes are used is described. This system successfully rejects replay attacks with no replay attacks being incorrectly identified as known remotes. The effect of using multiple receivers is then evaluated using this SEI system. It was found that poor accuracy of under 33% was obtained when attempting to identify transmitters using an SEI system trained on data recorded by other receivers. However, including recordings from all receivers among the receivers used to provide the training data was found to increase the accuracy to over 91%. Increasing the number of receivers used to record the training data was found to slightly reduce the identification accuracy.