Diagnosing Fault Types and Degrees of Transformer Winding Combining FRA Method With SOA-KELM

Power transformers are the vital and expensive components of the power system. Timely identifying and diagnosing the transformer faults is critical to maintaining the stability of the power grid. As a sensitive and economical tool, the frequency response analysis (FRA) method has been widely employed to detect winding faults. However, it is still a challenge to accurately identify the fault types and degrees only by the FRA method. In this article, a new diagnosis method that combines the FRA method with a kernel-based extreme learning machine (KELM) optimized by a seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), is proposed to diagnose the fault types and degrees of the winding. First, a series of FRA tests are performed on a laboratory winding model under three different faults to obtain the FRA dataset. Furthermore, various numerical indices are applied to extract the characteristics of FRA signatures to train the SOA-KELM model. Then, the trained SOA-KELM model is utilized to classify fault types and degrees of the winding. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of SOA-KELM are verified by comparing with SOA optimized support vector machine (SOA-SVM) and random forest (SOA-RF), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm optimized KELM (PSO-KELM), PSO-SVM, PSO-RF, SVM, RF, and KELM from the aspects of diagnosis accuracy and running time. The comprehensive comparison results show that SOA-KELM has the best diagnosis performance.