VCSEL Cavity Loss and Gain Measurement for High-Speed Optical Interconnects

Over 100 Gb/s Four-level Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM4) Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) based optical interconnects require high speed, damped, and low relative intensity noise (RIN) VCSELs. Measurement techniques for intrinsic parameters are essential for optimizing VCSEL designs....

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of lightwave technology 2023-08, Vol.41 (16), p.1-7
Hauptverfasser:	Wang, Binhao, Sorin, Wayne V., Tan, Michael R.T.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Bragg reflectors Loss measurement Mathematical models Mirrors Noise intensity Noise measurement Optical interconnections Optical interconnects Optical losses Pulse amplitude modulation Quantum wells Reflectivity Relative intensity noise Vertical cavity surface emission lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Over 100 Gb/s Four-level Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM4) Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) based optical interconnects require high speed, damped, and low relative intensity noise (RIN) VCSELs. Measurement techniques for intrinsic parameters are essential for optimizing VCSEL designs. The proposed VCSEL cavity round-trip loss and gain coefficient measurement provides the insight of VCSEL distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and quantum well (QW) design. A simple VCSEL cavity model is described and excellent matching between the model and measurement is achieved.
ISSN:	0733-8724 1558-2213
DOI:	10.1109/JLT.2023.3262193