Summary and Challenge for the Future

This chapter provides an interdisciplinary perspective for students on the challenges of resilient control systems. The power grid provides a relevant domain for application of control system concepts, so students were provided an operational understanding for consideration of how resilience principles might be applied. The evolutionary integration of control systems has led to complexities of failure, human interaction, and security vulnerability. As control systems evolve toward greater autonomy, reducing/changing the role of the human, the need to consider resilience becomes more profound. The next generation of control systems should have a threat‐based approach to develop the systems that are resilient by nature. Many companies and individuals discuss the advancement of autonomy for autonomy’s sake.