Wide Area Protection

This chapter introduces wide area protection algorithms and tripping strategies. Considering that the measurement information of wide area protection based on electrical quantities is more comprehensive, the chapter also introduces a wide area fault identification scheme based on electrical quantities. When a fault occurs in the power system, the superposition theorem allows one to consider the currents and voltages as containing a prefault component, a fault transient component and a fault steady‐state component. The fault feature contained in logical information is used to realize fast and reliable faulty component identification in non‐synchronized conditions. Three basic functions of wide area protection tripping strategy are local backup protection, remote backup protection and breaker failure protection. These wide area backup protection tripping strategies could simplify the cooperation in backup protection and limit fault clearance to the minimum range for all types of faults, without strict requirements on the synchronization of information uploaded from substations.