Evaluation of Changes Biological Activity of Onosma Sericeum Willd (Boraginaceae) Based on Collection Time and Extraction Solvent, and Determination of Its Mineral and Trace Element Composition

In this study total phenol, flavonoid, and free radical scavenging activity of Onosma Sericeum Willd (Boraginaceae), grown in Turkey and used for traditional wound healing were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Its cytotoxic effect on breast (MCF-7) cancer cells was investigated. Furthermore, mineral and trace element composition of the plant roots, collected in different times, was determined using ınductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Onosma sericeum Willd, collected in Besni, Adıyaman region in May, June and July, and dried properly, were extracted by using different solvents in the study. Total phenol content of the extracts was calculated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method in gallic acid equivalent as 58, 42±0, 13-93, 34±0, 68 mg (GAE)/g. The flavonoid content was calculated as 21.79±1, 3-60, 33±0, 36 mg (KUE)/g in quercetin equivalent by using the aluminum chloride method. Free radical scavenging activity was measured through a spectrophotometer according to 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. DPPH radical scavenging activity rates were found to be in the range of 60.27±0.06-78.60±0.21% in the form of % inhibition. It was observed that extracts prepared by using ethanol produced cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cancer cells depending on the dosage. It was determined that the rates of phenol, flavonoid, free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxic effect differed based on the solvent used for extraction and the time of plant collection. Moreover, trace element and mineral composition of the plant samples collected in different times were determined.