隆慶至萬曆初期(1567-1583)的京邊軍事革新

From the Longqing 隆慶 to the early Wanli 萬曆 era (1567-1583), the Ming court implemented a large-scale program of military reform around Beijing, especially the military region of Jizhou 薊州. This program was mainly designed and led by Tan Lun 譚綸 (1520-1577), the governor-general of Ji-Liao 薊遼, and Qi Jiguang 戚繼 光 (1528-1587), a prominent general. They used Qi’s former subordinates, Zhejiang soldiers—a well-trained, victorious army against Japanese pirates—as the instructors to train and reorganize the Jizhou-Changping 昌平 troops, and built and repaired local Great Wall fortresses at the same time. They reversed the weak Ming defense force after the Gengxu 庚戌 Incident in 1550. The Longqing Peace Treaty, in which the Ming government reached an agreement with Altan Khan 俺答 (1507-1582), the main power of western Mongolia, and permitted his request for trade, had great influence and increased the effectiveness of this military reform program. The reform and the treaty were both important historical events when the Mi