Differential Adaptation of the Linear and Nonlinear Components of the Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex in Squirrel Monkeys

Departments of 1 Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2 Biomedical Engineering, and 3 Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0910 Clendaniel, Richard A., David M. Lasker, and Lloyd B. Minor. Differential Adaptation of the Linear and Nonlinear Components of the Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex in Squirrel Monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 3534-3540, 2002. Previous work in squirrel monkeys has demonstrated the presence of linear and nonlinear components to the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) evoked by high-acceleration rotations. The nonlinear component is seen as a rise in gain with increasing velocity of rotation at frequencies more than 2 Hz (a velocity-dependent gain enhancement). We have shown that there are greater changes in the nonlinear than linear component of the response after spectacle-induced adaptation. The present study was conducted to determine if the two components of the response share a common adaptive process. The gain of the VOR, in the dark, to sinusoidal stimuli at 4 Hz (peak velocities: 20-150°/s) and 10 Hz (peak velocities: 20 and 100°/s) was measured pre- and postadaptation. Adaptation was induced over 4 h with ×0.45 minimizing spectacles. Sum-of-sines stimuli were used to induce adaptation, and the parameters of the stimuli were adjusted to invoke only the linear or both linear and nonlinear components of the response. Preadaptation, there was a velocity-dependent gain enhancement at 4 and 10 Hz. In postadaptation with the paradigms that only recruited the linear component, there was a decrease in gain and a persistent velocity-dependent gain enhancement (indicating adaptation of only the linear component). After adaptation with the paradigm designed to recruit both the linear and nonlinear components, there was a decrease in gain and no velocity-dependent gain enhancement (indicating adaptation of both components). There were comparable changes in the response to steps of acceleration. We interpret these results to indicate that separate processes drive the adaptation of the linear and nonlinear components of the response.