Aged bone displays an increased responsiveness to low-intensity resistance exercise

Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Departments of 1 Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, and 4 Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and 3 Department of Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 The ability of bone to respond to increased loading as a function of age was tested by use of three-point bending and histomorphometry. The hindlimbs of male Fischer 344 rats of three age groups (young = 4 mo, adult = 12 mo, and old = 22 mo; n = 10 per age group) were progressively overloaded by training the rats to depress a lever high on the side of a cage while wearing a weighted backpack. This squatlike movement required full extension of the hindlimbs. Exercised (Exer) rats performed 50 repetitions three times per week for 9 wk. Pack weight was gradually increased to 65% of body weight. Controls ( n = 10 per age group) performed the same exercise without additional weight. Neither the mechanical properties of the femur nor histomorphometry in the proximal tibia was significantly affected in young or adult rats. However, old Exer rats were found to have significantly smaller medullary areas and a decreased trabecular spacing than their age-matched controls. These results suggest a greater sensitivity to increased loading in aged rats. bone mechanics; histomorphometry; exercise training; aging