Smoking and Incidence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults

Smoking and Incidence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults Findings from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Capri Gabrielle Foy , PHD, MS , Ronny A. Bell , PHD , Deborah F. Farmer , PHD , David C. Goff, Jr. , MD, PHD and Lynne E. Wagenknecht , DRPH From the Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Address correspondence and reprint requests to Capri G. Foy, PhD, MS, Piedmont Plaza II, 2000 W. First St., Office 250, Winston-Salem, NC 27104. E-mail: cfoy{at}wfubmc.edu Abstract OBJECTIVE —The objective of this study was to determine the association between smoking and incident diabetes among U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) was a prospective study of the associations of insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors. We examined the relationship between smoking status categories (never, former, and current) and incident 5-year type 2 diabetes among 906 participants free of diabetes at baseline. We also considered the effect of pack-year categories (never, former