Les transferts de pollutions volatiles du sol vers l’air intérieur : diagnostic et modélisation des impacts - Guide méthodologique FLUXOBAT (2013)

With volatil organic compounds (VOC) in soil, risk assessment is largely dependent on vapor intrusion. In this framework, the FLUXOBAT project aims at improving the reliability of the diagnostic and modeling tools. A critical analysis of tools and practices in the domain based on an extensive study of the transfer mechanisms of tetrachloroethylen was conducted and a guide with technical and methodological recommendations was produced (Traverse et al. 2013). For existing buildings, risk assessment is conducted with indoor air concentration measures for which the temporal variability has to be studied. During the project, measures were conducted in a real building impacted by a tetrachloroethylen coming from soil pollution in the vadose zone. Variations of indoor air concentrations caused by meteorological variations (heating and wind) were significant. Consequently, it is recommended to conduct several measures at different meteorological conditions and to prefer integrative methods. The results highlight the need to know the influence parameters in order to correctly interpret each campaign. For new construction, a model is generally used to predict indoor air concentration. Different modeling approaches (attenuation factor, analytic 1D models, numerical models) have been used for the site studied. The objective was to highlight the interests and limits of each model. The results are that i) subslab concentrations are within a factor 3 between numerical and analytical models, ii) flux and indoor concentration are highly different (more than 1 order of magnitude). They highlight the need to know the basement mode of construction and transfer parameters but also to choose the modeling tool in connection with the objective (is there a problem or not ?, what will be the human exposure ?, what is the adapted mitigation approach ?). Les évaluations des risques sanitaires associés à la présence de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) dans les sols sont en grande partie liées à la dégradation de la qualité de l’air intérieur qu’une telle pollution peut générer. Les travaux dont rend compte le guide méthodologique FLUXOBAT (Traverse et al., 2013) visent à fournir les clés permettant de mieux appréhender ces transferts et leurs impacts potentiels. Pour des bâtiments existants, l’évaluation des risques repose sur des mesures de concentrations dans l’air intérieur, dont la représentativité temporelle est une question fondamentale. Les mesures des concentrations en tétra