Social Mix Policies in Paris: Discourses, Policies and Social Effects

Since the 1980s, the issue of social mix has become a public policy category in France. Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of urban and regional research 2011-03, Vol.35 (2), p.256-273
Hauptverfasser: BACQUÉ, MARIE-HÉLÈNE, FIJALKOW, YANKEL, LAUNAY, LYDIE, VERMEERSCH, STÉPHANIE
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container_title International journal of urban and regional research
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VERMEERSCH, STÉPHANIE
description Since the 1980s, the issue of social mix has become a public policy category in France. Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is also evoked in the context of urban renewal schemes for social housing estates, as well as in relation to new‐build developments. A study of the bases of social mix policies conducted in Paris since 2001 in the context of the embourgeoisement of the capital shows the fundamental role of social housing stock. The City Council has become involved in policy decisions about both the location and the allocation of social housing. Particular attention has been paid to the middle classes in the name of the principle of ‘balancing the population’. In order to measure the effects of the policy, this article relies on an analysis of two City of Paris schemes that have the stated intent of creating social mix. One of these schemes consists of redeveloping a working‐class neighbourhood, Goutte d'Or, while the other involves the new acquisition of social housing in various more affluent neighbourhoods in the capital. This comparative study of the population shows that, whether in a neighbourhood poised for gentrification or in a more affluent neighbourhood, this policy has major effects on forms of local social cohesion, setting in motion individual trajectories and reshaping social and/or ethnic identities. Résumé Depuis les années 1980, la notion de mixité sociale est devenue, en France, une catégorie de l'action publique. Légiférée, bien que discutée, cette notion représente un postulat majeur des reconfigurations des politiques du logement. Cette notion essentiellement fondée sur le plan résidentiel, est aussi bien évoquée dans le cadre des opérations de renouvellement urbain des ensembles d'habitat social que dans des opérations de construction neuves. L'étude des fondements des politiques de mixité, menées à Paris depuis 2001, dans le contexte d'embourgeoisement de la capitale, montre le rôle fondamental du parc de logement social. La municipalité intervient tant sur sa localisation que sur la politique d'attribution. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux couches moyennes au nom du principe de l'‘équilibre de peuplement'. Pour mesurer les effets de cette politique, cet article s'appuie sur ‘analyse de deux opérations conduites par la ville de Paris au nom d
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Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is also evoked in the context of urban renewal schemes for social housing estates, as well as in relation to new‐build developments. A study of the bases of social mix policies conducted in Paris since 2001 in the context of the embourgeoisement of the capital shows the fundamental role of social housing stock. The City Council has become involved in policy decisions about both the location and the allocation of social housing. Particular attention has been paid to the middle classes in the name of the principle of ‘balancing the population’. In order to measure the effects of the policy, this article relies on an analysis of two City of Paris schemes that have the stated intent of creating social mix. One of these schemes consists of redeveloping a working‐class neighbourhood, Goutte d'Or, while the other involves the new acquisition of social housing in various more affluent neighbourhoods in the capital. This comparative study of the population shows that, whether in a neighbourhood poised for gentrification or in a more affluent neighbourhood, this policy has major effects on forms of local social cohesion, setting in motion individual trajectories and reshaping social and/or ethnic identities. Résumé Depuis les années 1980, la notion de mixité sociale est devenue, en France, une catégorie de l'action publique. Légiférée, bien que discutée, cette notion représente un postulat majeur des reconfigurations des politiques du logement. Cette notion essentiellement fondée sur le plan résidentiel, est aussi bien évoquée dans le cadre des opérations de renouvellement urbain des ensembles d'habitat social que dans des opérations de construction neuves. L'étude des fondements des politiques de mixité, menées à Paris depuis 2001, dans le contexte d'embourgeoisement de la capitale, montre le rôle fondamental du parc de logement social. La municipalité intervient tant sur sa localisation que sur la politique d'attribution. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux couches moyennes au nom du principe de l'‘équilibre de peuplement'. Pour mesurer les effets de cette politique, cet article s'appuie sur ‘analyse de deux opérations conduites par la ville de Paris au nom de la mixité sociale. L'une de ces opérations consiste en la rénovation d'un quartier populaire, La Goutte d'Or, l'autre en la nouvelle acquisition de logements sociaux dans des quartiers aisés de la Capitale. L'étude comparée du peuplement montre, qu'il s'agisse d'un quartier en attente de gentrification ou d'un quartier aisé, les effets importants de cette politique sur les formes de cohésion sociale locale, induisant une mise en mouvement des trajectoires individuelles et une recomposition des identités sociales et/ou ethniques.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0309-1317</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2427</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00995.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21542203</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJURDZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Architecture, space management ; Bgi / Prodig ; Cities ; Comparative studies ; Cultural Diversity ; Embourgeoisement ; Ethnic Identity ; Ethnicity ; France ; Gentrification ; History of medicine ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Housing ; Housing - economics ; Housing - history ; Housing - legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Housing developments ; housing policies ; Housing policy ; Human geography ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Local Government - history ; Neighborhoods ; Neighbourhoods ; Paris ; Paris - ethnology ; Paris, France ; Public policy ; Social Class - history ; Social classes ; Social housing ; Social Identification ; social mix ; Social Mobility - economics ; Social Mobility - history ; Social pluralism ; Social policy ; Social structure ; Sociology ; Urban geography ; Urban Health - history ; Urban Population - history ; Urban Renewal ; Urban Renewal - economics ; Urban Renewal - education ; Urban Renewal - history ; Urban Renewal - legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Urbanism and town planning</subject><ispartof>International journal of urban and regional research, 2011-03, Vol.35 (2), p.256-273</ispartof><rights>2010 The Authors. 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Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is also evoked in the context of urban renewal schemes for social housing estates, as well as in relation to new‐build developments. A study of the bases of social mix policies conducted in Paris since 2001 in the context of the embourgeoisement of the capital shows the fundamental role of social housing stock. The City Council has become involved in policy decisions about both the location and the allocation of social housing. Particular attention has been paid to the middle classes in the name of the principle of ‘balancing the population’. In order to measure the effects of the policy, this article relies on an analysis of two City of Paris schemes that have the stated intent of creating social mix. One of these schemes consists of redeveloping a working‐class neighbourhood, Goutte d'Or, while the other involves the new acquisition of social housing in various more affluent neighbourhoods in the capital. This comparative study of the population shows that, whether in a neighbourhood poised for gentrification or in a more affluent neighbourhood, this policy has major effects on forms of local social cohesion, setting in motion individual trajectories and reshaping social and/or ethnic identities. Résumé Depuis les années 1980, la notion de mixité sociale est devenue, en France, une catégorie de l'action publique. Légiférée, bien que discutée, cette notion représente un postulat majeur des reconfigurations des politiques du logement. Cette notion essentiellement fondée sur le plan résidentiel, est aussi bien évoquée dans le cadre des opérations de renouvellement urbain des ensembles d'habitat social que dans des opérations de construction neuves. L'étude des fondements des politiques de mixité, menées à Paris depuis 2001, dans le contexte d'embourgeoisement de la capitale, montre le rôle fondamental du parc de logement social. La municipalité intervient tant sur sa localisation que sur la politique d'attribution. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux couches moyennes au nom du principe de l'‘équilibre de peuplement'. Pour mesurer les effets de cette politique, cet article s'appuie sur ‘analyse de deux opérations conduites par la ville de Paris au nom de la mixité sociale. L'une de ces opérations consiste en la rénovation d'un quartier populaire, La Goutte d'Or, l'autre en la nouvelle acquisition de logements sociaux dans des quartiers aisés de la Capitale. L'étude comparée du peuplement montre, qu'il s'agisse d'un quartier en attente de gentrification ou d'un quartier aisé, les effets importants de cette politique sur les formes de cohésion sociale locale, induisant une mise en mouvement des trajectoires individuelles et une recomposition des identités sociales et/ou ethniques.</description><subject>Architecture, space management</subject><subject>Bgi / Prodig</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Cultural Diversity</subject><subject>Embourgeoisement</subject><subject>Ethnic Identity</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>France</subject><subject>Gentrification</subject><subject>History of medicine</subject><subject>History, 20th Century</subject><subject>History, 21st Century</subject><subject>Housing</subject><subject>Housing - economics</subject><subject>Housing - history</subject><subject>Housing - legislation &amp; jurisprudence</subject><subject>Housing developments</subject><subject>housing policies</subject><subject>Housing policy</subject><subject>Human geography</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Local Government - history</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Neighbourhoods</subject><subject>Paris</subject><subject>Paris - ethnology</subject><subject>Paris, France</subject><subject>Public policy</subject><subject>Social Class - history</subject><subject>Social classes</subject><subject>Social housing</subject><subject>Social Identification</subject><subject>social mix</subject><subject>Social Mobility - economics</subject><subject>Social Mobility - history</subject><subject>Social pluralism</subject><subject>Social policy</subject><subject>Social structure</subject><subject>Sociology</subject><subject>Urban geography</subject><subject>Urban Health - history</subject><subject>Urban Population - history</subject><subject>Urban Renewal</subject><subject>Urban Renewal - economics</subject><subject>Urban Renewal - education</subject><subject>Urban Renewal - history</subject><subject>Urban Renewal - legislation &amp; 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Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is also evoked in the context of urban renewal schemes for social housing estates, as well as in relation to new‐build developments. A study of the bases of social mix policies conducted in Paris since 2001 in the context of the embourgeoisement of the capital shows the fundamental role of social housing stock. The City Council has become involved in policy decisions about both the location and the allocation of social housing. Particular attention has been paid to the middle classes in the name of the principle of ‘balancing the population’. In order to measure the effects of the policy, this article relies on an analysis of two City of Paris schemes that have the stated intent of creating social mix. One of these schemes consists of redeveloping a working‐class neighbourhood, Goutte d'Or, while the other involves the new acquisition of social housing in various more affluent neighbourhoods in the capital. This comparative study of the population shows that, whether in a neighbourhood poised for gentrification or in a more affluent neighbourhood, this policy has major effects on forms of local social cohesion, setting in motion individual trajectories and reshaping social and/or ethnic identities. Résumé Depuis les années 1980, la notion de mixité sociale est devenue, en France, une catégorie de l'action publique. Légiférée, bien que discutée, cette notion représente un postulat majeur des reconfigurations des politiques du logement. Cette notion essentiellement fondée sur le plan résidentiel, est aussi bien évoquée dans le cadre des opérations de renouvellement urbain des ensembles d'habitat social que dans des opérations de construction neuves. L'étude des fondements des politiques de mixité, menées à Paris depuis 2001, dans le contexte d'embourgeoisement de la capitale, montre le rôle fondamental du parc de logement social. La municipalité intervient tant sur sa localisation que sur la politique d'attribution. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux couches moyennes au nom du principe de l'‘équilibre de peuplement'. Pour mesurer les effets de cette politique, cet article s'appuie sur ‘analyse de deux opérations conduites par la ville de Paris au nom de la mixité sociale. L'une de ces opérations consiste en la rénovation d'un quartier populaire, La Goutte d'Or, l'autre en la nouvelle acquisition de logements sociaux dans des quartiers aisés de la Capitale. L'étude comparée du peuplement montre, qu'il s'agisse d'un quartier en attente de gentrification ou d'un quartier aisé, les effets importants de cette politique sur les formes de cohésion sociale locale, induisant une mise en mouvement des trajectoires individuelles et une recomposition des identités sociales et/ou ethniques.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>21542203</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00995.x</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-8924</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof International journal of urban and regional research, 2011-03, Vol.35 (2), p.256-273
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source MEDLINE; RePEc; Worldwide Political Science Abstracts; Wiley Online Library All Journals; Sociological Abstracts
subjects Architecture, space management
Bgi / Prodig
Cities
Comparative studies
Cultural Diversity
Embourgeoisement
Ethnic Identity
Ethnicity
France
Gentrification
History of medicine
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Housing
Housing - economics
Housing - history
Housing - legislation & jurisprudence
Housing developments
housing policies
Housing policy
Human geography
Humanities and Social Sciences
Local Government - history
Neighborhoods
Neighbourhoods
Paris
Paris - ethnology
Paris, France
Public policy
Social Class - history
Social classes
Social housing
Social Identification
social mix
Social Mobility - economics
Social Mobility - history
Social pluralism
Social policy
Social structure
Sociology
Urban geography
Urban Health - history
Urban Population - history
Urban Renewal
Urban Renewal - economics
Urban Renewal - education
Urban Renewal - history
Urban Renewal - legislation & jurisprudence
Urbanism and town planning
title Social Mix Policies in Paris: Discourses, Policies and Social Effects
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