Social Mix Policies in Paris: Discourses, Policies and Social Effects
Since the 1980s, the issue of social mix has become a public policy category in France. Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of urban and regional research 2011-03, Vol.35 (2), p.256-273 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Since the 1980s, the issue of social mix has become a public policy category in France. Enshrined in legislation, yet remaining controversial, it represents a major premise on which housing policies have been reconfigured. The concept of social mix is essentially based on who lives where, but it is also evoked in the context of urban renewal schemes for social housing estates, as well as in relation to new‐build developments. A study of the bases of social mix policies conducted in Paris since 2001 in the context of the embourgeoisement of the capital shows the fundamental role of social housing stock. The City Council has become involved in policy decisions about both the location and the allocation of social housing. Particular attention has been paid to the middle classes in the name of the principle of ‘balancing the population’. In order to measure the effects of the policy, this article relies on an analysis of two City of Paris schemes that have the stated intent of creating social mix. One of these schemes consists of redeveloping a working‐class neighbourhood, Goutte d'Or, while the other involves the new acquisition of social housing in various more affluent neighbourhoods in the capital. This comparative study of the population shows that, whether in a neighbourhood poised for gentrification or in a more affluent neighbourhood, this policy has major effects on forms of local social cohesion, setting in motion individual trajectories and reshaping social and/or ethnic identities.
Résumé
Depuis les années 1980, la notion de mixité sociale est devenue, en France, une catégorie de l'action publique. Légiférée, bien que discutée, cette notion représente un postulat majeur des reconfigurations des politiques du logement. Cette notion essentiellement fondée sur le plan résidentiel, est aussi bien évoquée dans le cadre des opérations de renouvellement urbain des ensembles d'habitat social que dans des opérations de construction neuves. L'étude des fondements des politiques de mixité, menées à Paris depuis 2001, dans le contexte d'embourgeoisement de la capitale, montre le rôle fondamental du parc de logement social. La municipalité intervient tant sur sa localisation que sur la politique d'attribution. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux couches moyennes au nom du principe de l'‘équilibre de peuplement'. Pour mesurer les effets de cette politique, cet article s'appuie sur ‘analyse de deux opérations conduites par la ville de Paris au nom d |
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ISSN: | 0309-1317 1468-2427 |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00995.x |