Indicators of Benzodiazepine Use in Nursing Home Residents in France: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objectives Little information is available about associations between nursing home (NH) structural and organizational aspects and benzodiazepine prescriptions, particularly for long-acting drugs. This study addressed this knowledge gap. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting One hundred seventy-five NHs from France. Participants A total of 6275 NH residents, aged 86 years (±8.2), and mostly women (73.7%). Measurements Outcome measures were: (1) benzodiazepine and (2) long-acting benzodiazepine use. NH staff sent to research team all drug prescriptions in the week participants were included in the study; staff also recorded information on residents' characteristics, and NHs structure and internal organization. Binary logistic regressions were performed separately on total and long-acting benzodiazepine. Results A total of 3350 persons took benzodiazepine; 577 took long-acting benzodiazepine. Subject-related characteristics were the main correlates of benzodiazepine use. NH characteristics were also related to this outcome: number of beds ≥ 91 (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.820, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.682–0.986), special care unit (OR 1.131, 95% CI 1.000–1.279), pharmacy for internal usage (OR 1.341, 95%CI 1.128–1.594), and date records of the first prescription of psychotropics (OR 1.394, 95% CI 1.209–1.607). Pharmacy for internal usage was also associated with long-acting benzodiazepine (OR 1.374, 95% CI 1.076–1.754). Conclusions NH structure- and organization-related indicators impact benzodiazepine use among NH residents. This finding is of particular importance because these indicators are more easily modifiable than subject-related characteristics. Therefore, NH directors and medical staff should be aware about this to implement feasible modifications for reducing inappropriate and chronic benzodiazepine use.