Evolution of the zygomasseteric construction in Rodentia, as revealed by a geometric morphometric analysis of the mandible of Graphiurus (Rodentia, Gliridae)

Graphiurus is a peculiar taxon among the monophyletic Gliridae (order Rodentia) in showing hystricomorphy of the zygomasseteric architecture of the skull [large infraorbital foramen (IOF), and correlative muscular arrangements). We analysed 34 extant genera taken from two groups of sciurognath rodents that share a large IOF (hystricomorph and myomorph) using elliptical Fourier transform in order to appraise whether this feature of cranial morphology was also accompanied by similar changes in mandible shape. The mandible of Graphiurus is distinct from those of all other hystricomorph sciurognath rodents in showing a more elongated coronoid process and a shorter angular process. Thus, two distinct zygomasseteric organizations (i.e. myomorphy and hystricomorphy of graphiurines) are associated with a similar mandible shape characterized by a well‐developed coronoid process. Results show that hystricomorphy of graphiurines was achieved convergently with other hystricomorph rodents. Protrogomorphy is the plesiomorphic condition in Gliridae and hystricomorphy is an autapomorphic feature of Graphiurus. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 154, 807–821.