Advances in active solar water stills for sustainable brine and wastewater Treatment: A comprehensive review

The utilization of external agents is crucial in enhancing the production of active solar water stills. This analysis highlights the importance of incorporating external solar thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels, and concentrated solar power technologies to optimize the functionality and performance of solar water stills. External solar thermal collectors efficiently capture supplementary energy from the surroundings, while integrated photovoltaic panels revolutionize solar distillation by integrating energy generation with water evaporation processes. The incorporation of concentrated solar electricity further enhances system efficiency. Additionally, we explore the potential of active solar water stills with Heat Pumps, offering a promising avenue for significant advancements in solar distillation technology. Moreover, we introduce the innovative concept of using surplus water as a cooling agent for photovoltaic panels, enhancing both water purification and energy generation effectiveness. Throughout this comprehensive analysis, we consider a range of variables including maximum solar radiation, daily yield, thermal efficiency, condensation productivity, recovery period, and production cost. By incorporating these variables, we provide readers with a thorough understanding of the dynamic development and future prospects of active solar water stills, emphasizing the influence of external factors on system performance and efficiency.