Biofunctional Micropatterning of Thermoformed 3D Substrates

Mimicking the in vivo microenvironment of cells is a challenging task in engineering in vitro cell models. Surface functionalization is one of the key components providing biochemical cues to regulate the interaction between cells and their substrate. In this study, two different approaches yield biofunctional surface patterns on thermoformed polymer films. The first strategy based on maskless projection lithography enables the creation of grayscale patterns of biological ligands with a resolution of 7.5 μm in different shapes on a protein layer adsorbed on a polymer film. In the second strategy, polymer films are micropatterned with different functional groups via chemical vapor deposition polymerization. After thermoforming, both types of pattern can be decorated with proteins either by affinity binding or covalent coupling. The 3D microstructures retain the biofunctional patterns as demonstrated by selective cell adhesion and growth of L929 mouse fibroblasts. This combination of functional micropatterning and thermoforming offers new perspectives for the design of 3D cell culture platforms. Chemical vapor deposition polymerization and maskless projection lithography with protein adsorption by photobleaching (MPL‐PAP) in combination with microscale thermoforming are presented as two versatile technologies to create patterned biofunctionalized 3D substrates. These technologies provide new perspectives for bioanalytical applications and 3D cell culture platforms.